Class 12th Geo Chapter 12 GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SELECTED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS

 Chapter 12 GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SELECTED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS

Assignment Dated 10.08.2020
Which one of the following river is highly polluted?
(a) Brahmaputra
(b) Satluj
(c) Yamuna
(d) Godavari
Which one of the following diseases is caused by water pollution?
(a) Conjunctivitis
(b) Diarrhorea
(c) Respiratory infections
(d) Bronchitis
Which one of the following is the cause of acid rain?
(a) Water pollution
(b) Land pollution
(c) Noise pollution
(d) Air pollution
Push and pull factors are responsible for-
(a) Migration
(b) Land degradation
(c) Slums
(d) Air pollution
 “Indiscriminate use of water by increasing population and industrial expansion has led to degradation of the quality of water considerably.” Evaluate the statement.
Answer - Increasing population and industrial expansion are responsible for water pollution:

·        Domestic and sewage waste water remains untreated.

·        Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in farming results in water pollution.

·        Cultural activities: fairs, tourism, pilgrimage, etc.

·        Industries produce many undesirable substances which pollutes water.

·        Chemical residues and toxins pollute water.

·        Major polluting industries are leather, pulp, paper, textiles, chemicals, etc.

 

“Air pollution is very harmful to flora, fauna and property.” Explain any three values which can help in maintaining pollution free air to some extent.
Answer:
Values which can help in maintaining pollution free air:

·        Air pollution is harmful for environment and mankind, therefore, it is our responsibility to save air from pollution.

·        People should be aware of the harmful effects of air pollution.

·        People should feel duty bound to save air.

·        People must follow rules for saving air.

·        We must use eco friendly non-conventional sources of energy (Solar, Biogas and Wind energy) as conventional sources (Coal, oil and gas) are harmful.

·        People should feel duty bound to use public transport.

Describe any three major problems of slums in India

·        Their houses are dillapidated and poor hygienic conditions.

·        They have lack basic amenities like drinking water, light and toilet facilities.

·        These areas are over croweded having narrow street pattern prone to serious hazard from fire.

What is criterion for the classification of pollution?
Answer:
Different types of pollution are classified on the basis of medium through which pollutants are transported and diffused.

Examine any three causes for the deterioration of quality of water in India.
Answer -

·        Water gets polluted by foreign matters like chemicals, industrial waste etc.

·        Various types of chemicals used in modern agriculture such as inorganic fertilisers, pesticides, etc. are also pollution generating components.

·        Cultural activities such as pilgrimage, religious fairs also cause water pollution.

 

 

Explain three ill effects of air pollution on human health in India.

Answer

·        It causes various disease related to respiratory system, nervous and circulatory systems.

·        It causes smoky fog over cities called as urban smog which is very harmful to us.

·        It causes acid rain etc.

How has noise pollution become hazardous in many big cities of India? Explain with example.
Answer

·        Traffic noise is the biggest sources of air pollution as its intensity and nature depend upon the type of aircraft, vehicle, train and the condition of road.

·        In sea traffic, the noise pollution is confined to the harbour due to loading and unloading of goods being carried, (in) Noise pollution’s intensity declines with increase in distance from the source of pollution, i.e., industrial areas, arteries of transportation, airport, etc.

Explain any two major sources of air pollution in India? How is the air pollution harmful to human health?
Answer
Two major sources of air pollution in India are: Combustion of coal, petrol and diesel, mining, solid waste disposal, sewage, vehicles etc.
Effect of air pollution on human are:

·        It causes various disease related to respiratory system, nervous and circulatory systems.

·        It causes smoky fog over cities called as urban smog which is very harmful to us.

·        It causes acid rain etc.

What are the major features of slums in India?

1.       Slums are least choice residential areas that have broken down house, bad hygienic conditions, poor ventilation and does not have basic facilities like drinking water, light and toilet facilities, etc.

2.     Slums are overcrowded with people and have many narrow street patterns prone to serious hazards from fire.

3.     Most of the slum dwellers works for low wages, high risk-prone and unorganised sectors of the urban economy.

4.     They face various health related problems such as malnutrition, illness and prone to various diseases. They are not able to send their children school to provide them education because of low level of income.

5.     Dwellers are vulnerable to drug abuse, alcoholism, crime, vandalism, escapism, apathy and social exclusion because of poverty.

Urbanization is a big factor in the pollution levels rising globally. What are the major trends and statistics of urbanization in the world?

1 Currently, about 54% of the world’s 7 billion (2011) population lives in urban areas of world . This proportion of urban population will increase in future.

2 It is estimated that between 2025 to 2030, this percentage would be grown with 1.44% per year. This high urban population will pressurise governments to optimise infrastructure facilities in urban areas for giving a standard quality of life.

3 It is estimated that by 2050, about two-thirds of the world’s population will live in urban areas. It would create a high pressure on existing infrastructure and sanitation, health, crime problems and urban poverty.
4 There are various factors responsible for growth of urban population:

     A - When high birth rate and low morality rate increase.

B - Net in-migration or movement of people from other areas.

C - Reclassification of urban areas to encompass formerly rural settlements.

5 In India there is a estimation that about 60% India’s urban population has increased after 1961. About 29% of this growth has been caused by rural-urban migration.

Discuss the problems caused by poor solid waste management.

1.       Solid wastes are threat to human health and can cause various diseases. It creates foul smell and it harbours flies and rodents that can cause typhoid, diphtheria, diarrhoea, malaria, cholera and other diseases.

2.     Solid waste can create inconvenience rapidly if they are not properly handled. Wind and rain water can splitted it and cause a discomfort to people.

3.     Industrial solid waste can cause water pollution by dumping it into water bodies. Drains carrying untreated sewage also result into various health problems.

4.     Untreated waste release various poisonous biogases such as methane in air by slow fermentation process. These wastes are resources as energy can be generated from them! By compositing these wastes, problem of energy could be solved as well as its management in urban areas.